mirror of
https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts.git
synced 2024-09-19 00:01:51 +02:00
341 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
341 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
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### Cloning? Use a shallow clone and avoid 400 Mb of history
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A **shallow clone** is a good idea because you probably don't need many years of history.
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Like this:
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git clone --depth 5 https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts.git
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To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
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python testUpdateHostsFile.py
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**Note** if you are using Python 2, you must first install the `mock` library:
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pip install mock
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Afterwards, you can follow the instructions above.
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# Unified hosts file with gambling extensions
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This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
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into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed. A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
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* Last updated: **August 08 2017**.
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* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) containing 37,423 entries.
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### List of all hosts file variants
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The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
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[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
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with Github download links.
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Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | hosts (.zip) | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
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---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:------------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
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Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts.zip) | 35,893 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts.zip) | 36,566 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts.zip) | 37,423 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts.zip) | 43,750 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts.zip) | 36,126 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts.zip) | 38,096 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts.zip) | 44,423 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts.zip) | 36,799 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts.zip) | 45,280 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts.zip) | 37,656 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts.zip) | 43,983 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts.zip) | 45,953 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts.zip) | 38,329 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts.zip) | 44,656 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts.zip) | 45,513 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
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Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts.zip) | 46,186 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
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**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
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of OS.
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## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
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Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
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included:
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Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency
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-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:-------:
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AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally
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add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally
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add.Dead | Dead sites based on http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally
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add.Risk | Risk content sites based on http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally
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add.Spam | Spam sites based on http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally
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Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly
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KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently
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Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly
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MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly
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Dan Pollock – someonewhocares.org | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently
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SpotifyAds | Spotify ads sources sites based on https://github.com/Xeroday/Spotify-Ad-Blocker content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/SpotifyAds/hosts) | occasionally
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Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally
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tyzbit | Microsoft tracking domains. A fork of this repo providing additional data. |[link](https://github.com/tyzbit/hosts/blob/master/data/tyzbit/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tyzbit/hosts/master/data/tyzbit/hosts) | rarely
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UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally
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yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently
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Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional
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## Extensions
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The unified hosts file is extensible. You manage extensions by curating the
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`extensions/` folder tree. See the `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension
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folders.
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## Generate your own unified hosts file
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The `updateHostsFile.py` script, which is python 2.7 and Python 3-compatible,
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will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the local `data/`
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subfolder. The script will prompt you Whether it should fetch updated
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versions (from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each
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source's folder), otherwise it will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
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### Usage
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#### Using Python 3:
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python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
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#### Using Python 2.7:
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python updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
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#### Command line options:
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`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
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`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
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* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
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* No extensions are included by default. Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
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to include any you want.
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* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
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flag.
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`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
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over them.
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`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
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of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
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category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
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`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
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`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
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Only active when `--replace` is also active.
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`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
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target. Default is `0.0.0.0`.
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`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `false` (default) or `true`, keep the comments
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that appear on the same line as domains. The default is `false` since some
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router-based implementations can't handle comments in-line with hosts.
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`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`,
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`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
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`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
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in a subfolder. If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
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`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
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`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
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section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`. This is
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useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
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`--zip`, or `-z`: `false` (default) or `true`, additionally create a zip
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archive of the hosts file named `hosts.zip`.
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## How do I control which sources are unified?
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Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
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folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
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Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
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`extensions/` folder. Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
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extension finds its updates.
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Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
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listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
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unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
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included, and may be modified as you desire.
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* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
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be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
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### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
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If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`. The contents
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of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
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process.
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The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
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overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
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### How do I prevent domains from being included?
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The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
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file.
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The `whitelist` uses partial matching. Therefore if you whitelist
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`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
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into the final hosts file.
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The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
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overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
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## What is a hosts file?
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A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
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used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
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In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
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Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
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leaves your computer.
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Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
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and other irritants.
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For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
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lines to your hosts file will do it:
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# block doubleClick's servers
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0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
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0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
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0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
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0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
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0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
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# etc...
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## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
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Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
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We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
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or non applicable target.
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Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
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interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
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## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
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We tried that. Using `0` doesn't work universally.
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## Location of your hosts file
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To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
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editor.
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**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` folder.
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**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` folder.
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## Updating hosts file on Windows
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On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
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work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
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for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
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```
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updateHostsWindows.bat
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```
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This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
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the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
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replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
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saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
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To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
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**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
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**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
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"Run as Administrator"
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**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
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"Run as Administrator"
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**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
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"Run as Administrator"
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## Reloading hosts file
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Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
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manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
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### Windows
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Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
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```
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ipconfig /flushdns
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```
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|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
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:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
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|
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```
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sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
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sc stop "Dnscache"
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```
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### Linux
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Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
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**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart`
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**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
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**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
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**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
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|
||
**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
|
||
|
||
**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
|
||
|
||
### Mac OS X
|
||
|
||
Open a Terminal and run:
|
||
```
|
||
sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Goals of this unified hosts file
|
||
|
||
The goals of this repo are to:
|
||
|
||
1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
|
||
|
||
2. provide easy extensions,
|
||
|
||
3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
|
||
|
||
4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
|
||
|
||
A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated. A
|
||
hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
|
||
additions and removals. The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
|
||
curation is expected.
|
||
|
||
For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](http://hosts-file.net)
|
||
is **not** included here because it is very large (300,000+ entries)
|
||
and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
|
||
|
||
It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
|
||
devices under a variety of operating systems.
|
||
|
||
## Interesting Applications
|
||
|
||
* [Block ads and malware via local DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
|
||
|
||
* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
|