// kelondroMSetTools.java
// -------------------------------------
// (C) by Michael Peter Christen; mc@yacy.net
// first published on http://www.anomic.de
// Frankfurt, Germany, 2004
// last major change: 28.12.2004
//
// $LastChangedDate$
// $LastChangedRevision$
// $LastChangedBy$
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

package net.yacy.kelondro.util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedMap;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import net.yacy.cora.document.UTF8;
import net.yacy.kelondro.index.HandleSet;
import net.yacy.kelondro.logging.Log;

public final class SetTools {

    
    //public static Comparator fastStringComparator = fastStringComparator(true);

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // helper methods
	
    public static int log2a(int x) {
        // this computes 1 + log2
        // it is the number of bits in x, not the logarithm by 2
    	int l = 0;
    	while (x > 0) {x = x >>> 1; l++;}
    	return l;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // join
    // We distinguish two principal solutions
    // - constructive join (generate new data structure)
    // - destructive join (remove non-valid elements from given data structure)
    // The algorithm to perform the join can be also of two kind:
    // - join by pairwise enumeration
    // - join by iterative tests (where we distinguish left-right and right-left tests)

    
    public static <A, B> SortedMap<A, B> joinConstructive(final Collection<SortedMap<A, B>> maps, final boolean concatStrings) {
        // this joins all TreeMap(s) contained in maps
        
        // first order entities by their size
        final SortedMap<Long, SortedMap<A, B>> orderMap = new TreeMap<Long, SortedMap<A, B>>();
        SortedMap<A, B> singleMap;
        final Iterator<SortedMap<A, B>> i = maps.iterator();
        int count = 0;
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            // get next entity:
            singleMap = i.next();
            
            // check result
            if ((singleMap == null) || (singleMap.isEmpty())) return new TreeMap<A, B>();
            
            // store result in order of result size
            orderMap.put(Long.valueOf(singleMap.size() * 1000 + count), singleMap);
            count++;
        }
        
        // check if there is any result
        if (orderMap.isEmpty()) return new TreeMap<A, B>();
        
        // we now must pairwise build up a conjunction of these maps
        Long k = orderMap.firstKey(); // the smallest, which means, the one with the least entries
        SortedMap<A, B> mapA, mapB, joinResult = orderMap.remove(k);
        while (!orderMap.isEmpty() && !joinResult.isEmpty()) {
            // take the first element of map which is a result and combine it with result
            k = orderMap.firstKey(); // the next smallest...
            mapA = joinResult;
            mapB = orderMap.remove(k);
            joinResult = joinConstructiveByTest(mapA, mapB, concatStrings); // TODO: better with enumeration?
            // free resources
            mapA = null;
            mapB = null;
        }

        // in 'searchResult' is now the combined search result
        if (joinResult.isEmpty()) return new TreeMap<A, B>();
        return joinResult;
    }
    
    public static <A, B> SortedMap<A, B> joinConstructive(final SortedMap<A, B> map1, final SortedMap<A, B> map2, final boolean concatStrings) {
        // comparators must be equal
        if ((map1 == null) || (map2 == null)) return null;
        if (map1.comparator() != map2.comparator()) return null;
        if (map1.isEmpty() || map2.isEmpty()) return new TreeMap<A, B>(map1.comparator());

        // decide which method to use
        final int high = ((map1.size() > map2.size()) ? map1.size() : map2.size());
        final int low = ((map1.size() > map2.size()) ? map2.size() : map1.size());
        final int stepsEnum = 10 * (high + low - 1);
        final int stepsTest = 12 * log2a(high) * low;

        // start most efficient method
        if (stepsEnum > stepsTest) {
            if (map1.size() > map2.size()) return joinConstructiveByTest(map2, map1, concatStrings);
            return joinConstructiveByTest(map1, map2, concatStrings);
        }
        return joinConstructiveByEnumeration(map1, map2, concatStrings);
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private static <A, B> SortedMap<A, B> joinConstructiveByTest(final SortedMap<A, B> small, final SortedMap<A, B> large, final boolean concatStrings) {
        final SortedMap<A, B> result = new TreeMap<A, B>(large.comparator());
        synchronized (small) {
            final Iterator<Map.Entry<A, B>> mi = small.entrySet().iterator();
            Map.Entry<A, B> mentry1;
            B mobj2;
            loop: while (mi.hasNext()) {
                try {
                    mentry1 = mi.next();
                    synchronized (large) {
                        mobj2 = large.get(mentry1.getKey());
                    }
                    if (mobj2 != null) {
                        if (mentry1.getValue() instanceof String) {
                            result.put(mentry1.getKey(), (B) ((concatStrings) ? (((String) mentry1.getValue()) + (String) mobj2) : (String) mentry1.getValue()));
                        } else if (mentry1.getValue() instanceof StringBuilder) {
                            result.put(mentry1.getKey(), (B) ((concatStrings) ? (((StringBuilder) mentry1.getValue()).append((StringBuilder) mobj2)) : mentry1.getValue()));
                        } else {
                            result.put(mentry1.getKey(), mentry1.getValue());
                        }
                    }
                } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
                    Log.logWarning("SetTools", e.getMessage(), e);
                    break loop;
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private static <A, B> SortedMap<A, B> joinConstructiveByEnumeration(final SortedMap<A, B> map1, final SortedMap<A, B> map2, final boolean concatStrings) {
        // implement pairwise enumeration
        final Comparator<? super A> comp = map1.comparator();
        final Iterator<Map.Entry<A, B>> mi1 = map1.entrySet().iterator();
        final Iterator<Map.Entry<A, B>> mi2 = map2.entrySet().iterator();
        final SortedMap<A, B> result = new TreeMap<A, B>(map1.comparator());
        int c;
        if ((mi1.hasNext()) && (mi2.hasNext())) {
            Map.Entry<A, B> mentry1 = mi1.next();
            Map.Entry<A, B> mentry2 = mi2.next();
            while (true) {
            	c = comp.compare(mentry1.getKey(), mentry2.getKey());
                if (c < 0) {
                    if (mi1.hasNext()) mentry1 = mi1.next(); else break;
                } else if (c > 0) {
                    if (mi2.hasNext()) mentry2 = mi2.next(); else break;
                } else {
                    if (mentry1.getValue() instanceof String) {
                        result.put(mentry1.getKey(), (B) ((concatStrings) ? (((String) mentry1.getValue()) + (String) mentry2.getValue()) : (String) mentry1.getValue()));
                    } else if (mentry1.getValue() instanceof StringBuilder) {
                        result.put(mentry1.getKey(), (B) ((concatStrings) ? (((StringBuilder) mentry1.getValue()).append((StringBuilder) mentry2.getValue())) : (StringBuilder) mentry1.getValue()));
                    } else {
                        result.put(mentry1.getKey(), mentry1.getValue());
                    }
                    if (mi1.hasNext()) mentry1 = mi1.next(); else break;
                    if (mi2.hasNext()) mentry2 = mi2.next(); else break;
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    
    // now the same for set-set
    public static <A> SortedSet<A> joinConstructive(final SortedSet<A> set1, final SortedSet<A> set2) {
    	// comparators must be equal
        if ((set1 == null) || (set2 == null)) return null;
        if (set1.comparator() != set2.comparator()) return null;
        if (set1.isEmpty() || set2.isEmpty()) return new TreeSet<A>(set1.comparator());

        // decide which method to use
        final int high = ((set1.size() > set2.size()) ? set1.size() : set2.size());
        final int low  = ((set1.size() > set2.size()) ? set2.size() : set1.size());
        final int stepsEnum = 10 * (high + low - 1);
        final int stepsTest = 12 * log2a(high) * low;

        // start most efficient method
        if (stepsEnum > stepsTest) {
        	if (set1.size() < set2.size()) return joinConstructiveByTest(set1, set2);
        	return joinConstructiveByTest(set2, set1);
        }
        return joinConstructiveByEnumeration(set1, set2);
    }

    private static <A> SortedSet<A> joinConstructiveByTest(final SortedSet<A> small, final SortedSet<A> large) {
    	final Iterator<A> mi = small.iterator();
    	final SortedSet<A> result = new TreeSet<A>(small.comparator());
    	A o;
    	while (mi.hasNext()) {
    		o = mi.next();
    		if (large.contains(o)) result.add(o);
    	}
    	return result;
    }

    private static <A> SortedSet<A> joinConstructiveByEnumeration(final SortedSet<A> set1, final SortedSet<A> set2) {
    	// implement pairwise enumeration
    	final Comparator<? super A> comp = set1.comparator();
    	final Iterator<A> mi = set1.iterator();
    	final Iterator<A> si = set2.iterator();
    	final SortedSet<A> result = new TreeSet<A>(set1.comparator());
    	int c;
    	if ((mi.hasNext()) && (si.hasNext())) {
    		A mobj = mi.next();
    		A sobj = si.next();
    		while (true) {
    			c = comp.compare(mobj, sobj);
    			if (c < 0) {
    				if (mi.hasNext()) mobj = mi.next(); else break;
    			} else if (c > 0) {
    				if (si.hasNext()) sobj = si.next(); else break;
    			} else {
    				result.add(mobj);
    				if (mi.hasNext()) mobj = mi.next(); else break;
    				if (si.hasNext()) sobj = si.next(); else break;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	return result;
    }
    
    /**
     * test if one set is totally included in another set
     * @param <A>
     * @param small
     * @param large
     * @return true if the small set is completely included in the large set
     */
    public static <A> boolean totalInclusion(final Set<A> small, final Set<A> large) {
        for (A o: small) {
            if (!large.contains(o)) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }    
    
    /**
     * test if one set is totally included in another set
     * @param small
     * @param large
     * @return true if the small set is completely included in the large set
     */
    public static boolean totalInclusion(final HandleSet small, final HandleSet large) {
        for (byte[] handle: small) {
            if (!large.has(handle)) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }    
    
    /**
     * test if the intersection of two sets is not empty
     * @param <A>
     * @param set1
     * @param set2
     * @return true if any element of the first set is part of the second set or vice-versa
     */
    public static <A> boolean anymatch(final SortedSet<A> set1, final SortedSet<A> set2) {
		// comparators must be equal
		if ((set1 == null) || (set2 == null)) return false;
		if (set1.comparator() != set2.comparator()) return false;
		if (set1.isEmpty() || set2.isEmpty()) return false;

		// decide which method to use
		final int high = ((set1.size() > set2.size()) ? set1.size() : set2.size());
		final int low = ((set1.size() > set2.size()) ? set2.size() : set1.size());
		final int stepsEnum = 10 * (high + low - 1);
		final int stepsTest = 12 * log2a(high) * low;

		// start most efficient method
		if (stepsEnum > stepsTest) {
			if (set1.size() < set2.size()) return anymatchByTest(set1, set2);
			return anymatchByTest(set2, set1);
		}
		return anymatchByEnumeration(set1, set2);
	}

    /**
     * test if the intersection of two sets is not empty
     * @param set1
     * @param set2
     * @return true if any element of the first set is part of the second set or vice-versa
     */
    public static boolean anymatch(final HandleSet set1, final HandleSet set2) {
        // comparators must be equal
        if ((set1 == null) || (set2 == null)) return false;
        if (set1.comparator() != set2.comparator()) return false;
        if (set1.isEmpty() || set2.isEmpty()) return false;

        // decide which method to use
        final int high = ((set1.size() > set2.size()) ? set1.size() : set2.size());
        final int low = ((set1.size() > set2.size()) ? set2.size() : set1.size());
        final int stepsEnum = 10 * (high + low - 1);
        final int stepsTest = 12 * log2a(high) * low;

        // start most efficient method
        if (stepsEnum > stepsTest) {
            if (set1.size() < set2.size()) return anymatchByTest(set1, set2);
            return anymatchByTest(set2, set1);
        }
        return anymatchByEnumeration(set1, set2);
    }

    private static <A> boolean anymatchByTest(final SortedSet<A> small, final SortedSet<A> large) {
        final Iterator<A> mi = small.iterator();
        A o;
        while (mi.hasNext()) {
            o = mi.next();
            if (large.contains(o)) return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    private static boolean anymatchByTest(final HandleSet small, final HandleSet large) {
        final Iterator<byte[]> mi = small.iterator();
        byte[] o;
        while (mi.hasNext()) {
            o = mi.next();
            if (large.has(o)) return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    private static <A> boolean anymatchByEnumeration(final SortedSet<A> set1, final SortedSet<A> set2) {
        // implement pairwise enumeration
        final Comparator<? super A> comp = set1.comparator();
        final Iterator<A> mi = set1.iterator();
        final Iterator<A> si = set2.iterator();
        int c;
        if ((mi.hasNext()) && (si.hasNext())) {
            A mobj = mi.next();
            A sobj = si.next();
            while (true) {
                c = comp.compare(mobj, sobj);
                if (c < 0) {
                    if (mi.hasNext()) mobj = mi.next(); else break;
                } else if (c > 0) {
                    if (si.hasNext()) sobj = si.next(); else break;
                } else {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    private static boolean anymatchByEnumeration(final HandleSet set1, final HandleSet set2) {
        // implement pairwise enumeration
        final Comparator<byte[]> comp = set1.comparator();
        final Iterator<byte[]> mi = set1.iterator();
        final Iterator<byte[]> si = set2.iterator();
        int c;
        if ((mi.hasNext()) && (si.hasNext())) {
            byte[] mobj = mi.next();
            byte[] sobj = si.next();
            while (true) {
                c = comp.compare(mobj, sobj);
                if (c < 0) {
                    if (mi.hasNext()) mobj = mi.next(); else break;
                } else if (c > 0) {
                    if (si.hasNext()) sobj = si.next(); else break;
                } else {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // exclude

    /*
    public static <A, B> TreeMap<A, B> excludeConstructive(final TreeMap<A, B> map, final Set<A> set) {
        if (map == null) return null;
        if (set == null) return map;
        if (map.isEmpty() || set.isEmpty()) return map;
        assert !(set instanceof TreeSet) || map.comparator() == ((TreeSet<A>) set).comparator();
        // if (map.comparator() != set.comparator()) return excludeConstructiveByTestMapInSet(map, set);
        return excludeConstructiveByTestMapInSet(map, set);
        // return excludeConstructiveByEnumeration(map, set);
    }
    
    private static <A, B> TreeMap<A, B> excludeConstructiveByTestMapInSet(final TreeMap<A, B> map, final Set<A> set) {
        final TreeMap<A, B> result = new TreeMap<A, B>(map.comparator());
        A o;
        for (Entry<A, B> entry: map.entrySet()) {
            o = entry.getKey();
            if (!(set.contains(o))) result.put(o, entry.getValue());
        }
        return result;
    }
    */
    
    public static <A, B> void excludeDestructive(final Map<A, B> map, final Set<A> set) {
        // comparators must be equal
        if (map == null) return;
        if (set == null) return;
        assert !(map instanceof SortedMap<?,?> && set instanceof SortedSet<?>) || ((SortedMap<A, B>) map).comparator() == ((SortedSet<A>) set).comparator();
        if (map.isEmpty() || set.isEmpty()) return;

        if (map.size() < set.size())
            excludeDestructiveByTestMapInSet(map, set);
        else
            excludeDestructiveByTestSetInMap(map, set);
    }
    
    private static <A, B> void excludeDestructiveByTestMapInSet(final Map<A, B> map, final Set<A> set) {
        final Iterator<A> mi = map.keySet().iterator();
        while (mi.hasNext()) if (set.contains(mi.next())) mi.remove();
    }
    
    private static <A, B> void excludeDestructiveByTestSetInMap(final Map<A, B> map, final Set<A> set) {
        final Iterator<A> si = set.iterator();
        while (si.hasNext()) map.remove(si.next());
    }
    
    // and the same again with set-set
    public static <A> void excludeDestructive(final Set<A> set1, final Set<A> set2) {
        if (set1 == null) return;
        if (set2 == null) return;
        assert !(set1 instanceof SortedSet<?> && set2 instanceof SortedSet<?>) || ((SortedSet<A>) set1).comparator() == ((SortedSet<A>) set2).comparator();
        if (set1.isEmpty() || set2.isEmpty()) return;
        
        if (set1.size() < set2.size())
            excludeDestructiveByTestSmallInLarge(set1, set2);
        else
            excludeDestructiveByTestLargeInSmall(set1, set2);
    }
    
    private static <A> void excludeDestructiveByTestSmallInLarge(final Set<A> small, final Set<A> large) {
        final Iterator<A> mi = small.iterator();
        while (mi.hasNext()) if (large.contains(mi.next())) mi.remove();
    }
    
    private static <A> void excludeDestructiveByTestLargeInSmall(final Set<A> large, final Set<A> small) {
        final Iterator<A> si = small.iterator();
        while (si.hasNext()) large.remove(si.next());
    }
    
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    public static SortedMap<String, String> loadMap(final String filename, final String sep) {
        final SortedMap<String, String> map = new TreeMap<String, String>();
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(filename)));
            String line;
            int pos;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                line = line.trim();
                if ((line.length() > 0 && line.charAt(0) != '#') && ((pos = line.indexOf(sep)) > 0))
                    map.put(line.substring(0, pos).trim().toLowerCase(), line.substring(pos + sep.length()).trim());
            }
        } catch (final IOException e) {            
        } finally {
            if (br != null) try { br.close(); } catch (final Exception e) {}
        }
        return map;
    }
    
    public static SortedMap<String, List<String>> loadMapMultiValsPerKey(final String filename, final String sep) {
        final SortedMap<String, List<String>> map = new TreeMap<String, List<String>>();
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(filename)));
            String line, key, value;
            int pos;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                line = line.trim();
                if ((line.length() > 0 && line.charAt(0) != '#') && ((pos = line.indexOf(sep)) > 0)) {
                    key = line.substring(0, pos).trim().toLowerCase();
                    value = line.substring(pos + sep.length()).trim();
                    if (!map.containsKey(key)) map.put(key, new ArrayList<String>());
                    map.get(key).add(value);
                }
            }
        } catch (final IOException e) {            
        } finally {
            if (br != null) try { br.close(); } catch (final Exception e) {}
        }
        return map;
    }
    
    public static SortedSet<String> loadList(final File file, final Comparator<String> c) {
        final SortedSet<String> list = new TreeSet<String>(c);
        if (!(file.exists())) return list;
        
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file)));
            String line;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                line = line.trim();
                if (line.length() > 0 && line.charAt(0) != '#') list.add(line.trim().toLowerCase());
            }
            br.close();
        } catch (final IOException e) {            
        } finally {
            if (br != null) try{br.close();}catch(final Exception e){}
        }
        return list;
    }

    public static String setToString(final HandleSet set, final char separator) {
        final Iterator<byte[]> i = set.iterator();
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(set.size() * 7);
        if (i.hasNext()) sb.append(UTF8.String(i.next()));
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            sb.append(separator).append(UTF8.String(i.next()));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
    
    public static String setToString(final Set<String> set, final char separator) {
        final Iterator<String> i = set.iterator();
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(set.size() * 7);
        if (i.hasNext()) sb.append(i.next());
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            sb.append(separator).append(i.next());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    
    public static void main(final String[] args) {
	final SortedMap<String, String> m = new TreeMap<String, String>();
	final SortedMap<String, String> s = new TreeMap<String, String>();
	m.put("a", "a");
	m.put("x", "x");
	m.put("f", "f");
	m.put("h", "h");
	m.put("w", "w");
	m.put("7", "7");
	m.put("t", "t");
	m.put("k", "k");
	m.put("y", "y");
	m.put("z", "z");
	s.put("a", "a");
	s.put("b", "b");
	s.put("c", "c");
	s.put("k", "k");
	s.put("l", "l");
	s.put("m", "m");
	s.put("n", "n");
	s.put("o", "o");
	s.put("p", "p");
	s.put("q", "q");
	s.put("r", "r");
	s.put("s", "s");
	s.put("t", "t");
	s.put("x", "x");
	System.out.println("Compare " + m.toString() + " with " + s.toString());
	System.out.println("Join=" + joinConstructiveByEnumeration(m, s, true));
	System.out.println("Join=" + joinConstructiveByTest(m, s, true));
	System.out.println("Join=" + joinConstructiveByTest(m, s, true));
	System.out.println("Join=" + joinConstructive(m, s, true));
	//System.out.println("Exclude=" + excludeConstructiveByTestMapInSet(m, s.keySet()));

	/*
	for (int low = 0; low < 10; low++)
	    for (int high = 0; high < 100; high=high + 10) {
		int stepsEnum = 10 * high;
		int stepsTest = 12 * log2(high) * low;
		System.out.println("low=" + low + ", high=" + high + ", stepsEnum=" + stepsEnum + ", stepsTest=" + stepsTest + "; best method is " + ((stepsEnum < stepsTest) ? "joinByEnumeration" : "joinByTest"));
	    }
	*/

    }

}